我(wo)們知道，現在職業(ye)衛(wei)生這塊(kuai)是由安監部門承擔監管(guan)職責(ze)的，但就(jiu)在前兩年，這一職責(ze)還屬于(yu)衛(wei)生部門的范疇，許多客戶對此不甚了解，本文就(jiu)詳細介紹下職業(ye)衛(wei)生監管(guan)職責(ze)調整的由來(lai)。

　　長期以來，我國在(zai)職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)面有(you)勞(lao)動部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、工(gong)(gong)會(hui)組織等多(duo)頭管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，重復、交叉(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，同時，監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)隊伍薄弱，投入不足，導致監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)力(li)(li)度低下(xia)，存在(zai)漏洞。2010年10月中央編辦向衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)、安全監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)局、人力(li)(li)資源社會(hui)保障部(bu)、全國總(zong)工(gong)(gong)會(hui)下(xia)發了《關于職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)職責分工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)通知》[2010]104號(hao)文件，明確衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責對(dui)勞(lao)動者(zhe)職業(ye)(ye)病的(de)(de)診斷、救(jiu)治(zhi)、鑒定和(he)研究及對(dui)醫療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)機構(gou)職業(ye)(ye)危害控制的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。安全監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)負責對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，這在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)作存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題(ti)一文中也有(you)說明。

　　我國職業(ye)衛生監管現狀(zhuang)

　　1998年(nian)我國(guo)進(jin)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)府機構(gou)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，將勞動部(bu)門承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能，交(jiao)由(you)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)門承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)，以便(bian)于(yu)條塊管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。隨后于(yu)2002年(nian)《中華人民(min)共和(he)國(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)防治法》明(ming)確(que)規(gui)定了(le)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)門負責職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)防治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。為此，衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)做了(le)大量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，建(jian)立了(le)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)隊伍(wu)，開展了(le)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。然而，隨著(zhu)我國(guo)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入發(fa)展，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)形(xing)勢(shi)十分嚴峻，2003年(nian)中央(yang)機構(gou)編(bian)制委員會辦(ban)公(gong)室下發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理局(ju)(國(guo)家(jia)(jia)煤礦安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察局(ju))主要職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責內設機構(gou)和(he)人員編(bian)制調整意(yi)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》，對職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責進(jin)行(xing)了(le)調整，將衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業場所職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)檢查(cha)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責劃到國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理局(ju)。2005年(nian)，順應經(jing)濟形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)(jian)(jian)局(ju)明(ming)確(que)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責分工(gong)(gong)意(yi)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(衛(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)發(fa)[2005]31號)。2008年(nian)，國(guo)務院批準在國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理總局(ju)設立職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)健(jian)康(kang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理司(si)，承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)健(jian)康(kang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責。2010年(nian)，中央(yang)編(bian)辦(ban)下發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責分工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》，進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)明(ming)確(que)國(guo)務院有關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門在職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責。通知(zhi)要求有關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門在職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)防治工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)部(bu)際聯席會議框架下，進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)加(jia)強(qiang)溝(gou)通協調，密切(qie)配合，切(qie)實加(jia)強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，最大限度地降低職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)對勞動者健(jian)康(kang)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害。目前，我國(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)防治形(xing)勢(shi)十分嚴峻，亟待加(jia)強(qiang)政(zheng)(zheng)府監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，以盡快(kuai)遏制職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)(bing)多發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢(shi)頭。

　　職(zhi)業衛生監管職(zhi)責(ze)調(diao)整后帶來的變化(hua)：

　　1、職業衛生工作(zuo)職責(ze)調整后(hou)

　　衛(wei)生(sheng)部門對生(sheng)產企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)作(zuo)不能(neng)既服(fu)務又監督(du)，只能(neng)提供技(ji)術(shu)服(fu)務。為(wei)此，衛(wei)生(sheng)部門必須提升專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)務能(neng)力，以職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)危害因素檢測、評價、勞(lao)動(dong)者職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)健康(kang)監護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)中心，借助長(chang)期以來積淀的工(gong)作(zuo)基礎，技(ji)術(shu)優(you)勢(shi)，大力開展相關工(gong)作(zuo)，為(wei)用人(ren)單位的職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)作(zuo)保駕護(hu)航，為(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)者日益增長(chang)的職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)健康(kang)需求提供技(ji)術(shu)支持(chi)。

　　2、職業衛生監(jian)管(guan)職責調整后

　　有可(ke)能(neng)出現各種(zhong)職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生技術服務機構(gou)的(de)市(shi)場競爭。衛(wei)(wei)生部門(men)在研究(jiu)防治(zhi)職業(ye)(ye)病方面(mian)會遇到一些困難，如防治(zhi)職業(ye)(ye)病的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)資料不全，獲取資料的(de)手續(xu)復雜(za)等，妨(fang)礙職業(ye)(ye)病的(de)診斷，鑒定和研究(jiu)。為(wei)了避免(mian)這(zhe)種(zhong)監(jian)管(guan)職責調整后給衛(wei)(wei)生部門(men)造成的(de)弊(bi)端，我們認為(wei)，需(xu)要在一定范(fan)圍內，建立一個職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生資源共享的(de)平臺(tai)，以(yi)滿足(zu)各相(xiang)關(guan)部門(men)職業(ye)(ye)衛(wei)(wei)生工作的(de)需(xu)要。

　　3、職業(ye)衛生(sheng)監管職責(ze)調整后

　　安(an)監(jian)(jian)部門必將加大監(jian)(jian)督力度，積極開(kai)展職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)工作(zuo)。同時，也將要(yao)求(qiu)和(he)(he)促進衛生(sheng)(sheng)部門不斷提升專業(ye)(ye)技術水平和(he)(he)服務(wu)能力，為用人(ren)單位的職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)衛生(sheng)(sheng)工作(zuo)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)提供科學的技術支持，從而肩(jian)負起維護勞動者健康(kang)的神圣(sheng)使命。

　　職業(ye)衛生監管職能調整后的(de)工作思路

　　職(zhi)業(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是一種(zhong)社會工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。職(zhi)業(ye)病防治是一項綜合(he)的(de)社會工(gong)(gong)程。在職(zhi)業(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)責調整后，我們認為(wei)衛(wei)生(sheng)部門要以職(zhi)業(ye)危害因素檢(jian)測、評價、勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)職(zhi)業(ye)健康監(jian)護工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)中心，盡職(zhi)盡責，為(wei)用人單位提供(gong)職(zhi)業(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)服務，為(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)健康提供(gong)幫助。

　　1、加(jia)大(da)投(tou)入,保障(zhang)職(zhi)業衛生服務到(dao)位(wei)

　　調查(cha)表明，我國已經初步形成(cheng)(cheng)職(zhi)(zhi)業衛生技術(shu)服務(wu)網絡，但依(yi)然存在(zai)現場技術(shu)服務(wu)人(ren)員比(bi)例較低以及后備(bei)力量不足，職(zhi)(zhi)業衛生投(tou)入與經濟發展水(shui)平極不適應等(deng)問(wen)題，造成(cheng)(cheng)職(zhi)(zhi)業衛生技術(shu)服務(wu)得不到保證。因此，必須加大投(tou)入，健全職(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)防治機(ji)構，打造一支專業素質強(qiang)的職(zhi)(zhi)業病(bing)防治隊(dui)伍。

　　2、加強制度建設(she)及(ji)技術規范建設(she),提升專業素質,樹立良好(hao)形象

　　職(zhi)業病(bing)防治工作(zuo)(zuo)是一項政策(ce)性高，技(ji)術性強的社會(hui)性工作(zuo)(zuo)。衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)部門(men)必須不斷細化和(he)完善職(zhi)業病(bing)防治工作(zuo)(zuo)制度和(he)技(ji)術規范，做好職(zhi)業危害因(yin)素檢(jian)測(ce)評價和(he)勞動者職(zhi)業健康監護工作(zuo)(zuo)，努力成(cheng)為讓政府(fu)放心(xin)，讓用人(ren)單位(wei)熱心(xin)，讓勞動者安心(xin)的職(zhi)業健康保護組織。否(fou)則，在職(zhi)業衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)工作(zuo)(zuo)方面，衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)部門(men)將(jiang)在市場競爭(zheng)中被淘汰。

　　3、普及職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)病防(fang)治(zhi)知(zhi)識，提升(sheng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)衛生(sheng)服(fu)務的(de)社(she)會(hui)需求

　　我們知道，用人單(dan)位和勞(lao)動者(zhe)不(bu)了解(jie)職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)危(wei)(wei)害，不(bu)知曉(xiao)維護自(zi)身健(jian)康(kang)的法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)，一些地方政府(fu)重視短期經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)而忽(hu)視勞(lao)動者(zhe)健(jian)康(kang)，妨礙職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)防(fang)治工(gong)作開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)的現象(xiang)時有發生(sheng)。因此，衛(wei)生(sheng)部門(men)要加(jia)大宣傳力度，廣泛宣傳職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)防(fang)治法(fa)，普及職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)防(fang)治知識，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)社會(hui)(hui)對職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)危(wei)(wei)害的認識，促使(shi)職(zhi)業(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)服務的社會(hui)(hui)需求不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，使(shi)職(zhi)業(ye)病(bing)防(fang)治工(gong)作進入良性發展(zhan)(zhan)軌道。

　　4、加強與(yu)有(you)關部(bu)門和單位(wei)的(de)協作(zuo),擔當職(zhi)業病防治的(de)急(ji)先鋒(feng)

　　職(zhi)(zhi)業衛生(sheng)監管(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)責調(diao)整后，衛生(sheng)部門(men)(men)不再是(shi)以(yi)監督促服務(wu)的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)模式開展職(zhi)(zhi)業病防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而是(shi)為(wei)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)提供(gong)優質規范的職(zhi)(zhi)業衛生(sheng)技術服務(wu)，及時為(wei)行政部門(men)(men)提供(gong)科學的監管(guan)依據，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)責，擔當職(zhi)(zhi)業病防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的急先鋒。職(zhi)(zhi)業病防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)一項(xiang)系統的社(she)會(hui)工程，需要社(she)會(hui)各相(xiang)關部門(men)(men)和人員的通力協作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。因(yin)此，我們衛生(sheng)部門(men)(men)必須加強與其他有關部門(men)(men)和單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的協作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，才能做(zuo)好職(zhi)(zhi)業病防(fang)治(zhi)工