水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)指防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)流失(shi)、保(bao)(bao)護、改(gai)良與合理(li)(li)利(li)用(yong)(yong)山(shan)區(qu)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)和(he)風(feng)沙(sha)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)資(zi)源，維護和(he)提高土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產力，以(yi)利(li)于(yu)充分發(fa)揮水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)資(zi)源的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益和(he)社會效(xiao)益，建(jian)立良好生(sheng)態(tai)環境的(de)(de)綜合性(xing)(xing)科學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。目(mu)(mu)前水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)由(you)三大(da)類措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組成(cheng)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)農業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)林草措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)農業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主要(yao)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)耕(geng)作(zuo)法(fa)。結合耕(geng)作(zuo)，在坡(po)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)上修(xiu)成(cheng)有(you)一定蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)力的(de)(de)臨時性(xing)(xing)小(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)形，如區(qu)田(tian)、畦田(tian)、溝壟種植(zhi)等。美國、蘇聯等國還廣泛采用(yong)(yong)覆蓋耕(geng)作(zuo)、免大(da)躍(yue)(yue)進(jin)法(fa)和(he)少大(da)躍(yue)(yue)進(jin)法(fa)等。此外，還有(you)深耕(geng)、密植(zhi)、間作(zuo)套種、增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥料(liao)、草田(tian)輪作(zuo)等，都是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)農業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)林草措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，或稱(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)或生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其主要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)，改(gai)善大(da)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)被，增大(da)地(di)(di)(di)表糙率，從而(er)減輕雨(yu)滴對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)(de)打擊(ji)，增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤入滲，減少地(di)(di)(di)表徑流量，減緩流速和(he)削(xue)弱沖刷力。水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)通過修(xiu)建(jian)各類工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)變(bian)小(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)形，攔蓄地(di)(di)(di)表徑流，增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤入滲，從而(er)達(da)到減輕或制(zhi)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)流失(shi)，開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)資(zi)源的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)。根據所在位置和(he)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，可(ke)分坡(po)面治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、溝道治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)護岸工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)3大(da)類。各類措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)特別(bie)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與林草措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間，始終存在著互相依賴，相輔相成(cheng)的(de)(de)關系。水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)對(dui)發(fa)展山(shan)區(qu)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)和(he)風(feng)沙(sha)區(qu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產和(he)建(jian)設，整治(zhi)(zhi)國土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)江河(he)、減少干旱和(he)風(feng)沙(sha)災害等方面都具有(you)重要(yao)意義。

因此編制水土保(bao)持方案意義重(zhong)大，具體表(biao)現在：

1、全面貫徹落實《中華人民共和國水(shui)土保持法》及(ji)其相關法律、法規(gui)明確項目(mu)建(jian)設單位防治水(shui)土流失的責任、義(yi)務和范圍(wei)。

2、在(zai)調查工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)區及周邊區域水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持(chi)設(she)施(shi)破壞情況(kuang)的基礎上，預(yu)測因工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)可能造成的新增水土(tu)(tu)流(liu)失量，提(ti)出相(xiang)應的防治對策和(he)具體的水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持(chi)措施(shi)，為工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)持(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)指出方向(xiang)、提(ti)供技(ji)術依據(ju)，最大限度(du)地減(jian)少(shao)水土(tu)(tu)流(liu)失對生態(tai)環(huan)境的破壞，同時使項目區原有水土(tu)(tu)流(liu)失得到有效治理(li)，生態(tai)環(huan)境得到改善。

3、為(wei)水行政主(zhu)管(guan)部門的(de)水土(tu)保持監督執法及(ji)管(guan)理作提供依據。

4、為(wei)方案實施提(ti)供技術服(fu)務(wu)。

編制工程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)土保(bao)持方案報告，對防治因(yin)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)造成的水(shui)土流失，減(jian)少(shao)工程(cheng)(cheng)施工建設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中和生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中對周(zhou)邊生(sheng)態環境、水(shui)土保(bao)持設(she)施造成的破壞，減(jian)少(shao)對周(zhou)邊群眾生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活造成的影響，保(bao)障(zhang)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)和安全運營、促進地區經(jing)濟(ji)社會的可持續(xu)發展(zhan)具(ju)有重(zhong)要意義(yi)。